POTENTIAL OF WEST SUMATRAN DADIAH TO INHIBIT THE PROGRESSION OF DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY

Diabetic Mellitus is a disease that affects millions of people worldwide. The most prevalent microvascular complication is Nephropathy Diabetic (ND), which frequently progresses to end-stage kidney failure and is even death in diabetes patients. The inflammatory concept is the fundamental explanation for hyperglycemia-related problems. Various mechanisms of free radical production in hyperglycemia result in a variety of inflammatory reactions and the release of proinflammatory cytokines, which have a damaging effect on the organ system. The kidneys are a critical organ that has a substantial impact on these free radicals. Continuous and prolonged inflammatory reactions can damage kidney podocyte cells, affecting the glomerulus's barrier and permeability, resulting in proteinuria and histological changes such as interstitial fibrosis and glomerulosclerosis.
Recent studies have reported that probiotics and antioxidants can help to reduce these inflammatory reactions. As a result, researchers are interested in establishing this with dadiah. The focus of this research is to establish dadiah as a probiotic and antioxidant, as indicated by histological tissue improvements in renal fibrosis and several antibody expressions such as NF-B, TNF-, Mn-SOD, SIRT-1, and TGF-1. The research approach employed consisted of multiple steps, including in vitro research to establish the biochemical features of dadiah as a probiotic and biomolecular identification of lactic acid bacteria using 16S rRNA. To identify the target protein and substances related to the incidence of diabetic nephropathy, researchers used a bioinformatics approach to analyze metabolites, diabetic nephropathy pathways, and the protein-ligand network.
The in vivo studies using experimental rats were conducted to demonstrate the action of dadiah and its metabolites on a variety of target proteins as determined by antibody expression in kidney tissue. The treatment delivered in vivo was separated into three components: dadiah, LAB of dadiah isolate, and bacteriocin isolates from dadiah. After a certain period, furthermore, killed the experimental animals. Their kidneys were harvested for IHC analysis of various antibodies and histopathological structural examination using HE and Sirius Red staining. This research data showed Dadiah, and its metabolites have decreased NF-kB, TNF-A, TGF-B1, glomerulosclerosis, and blood glucose levels while increasing Mn-SOD and SIRT-1 expression. According to the study's premise, lower pro-inflammatory cytokine activity and oxidative stress can help slow the progression of Diabetic Nephropathy molecularly, histopathologically, and clinically. Thus, this study establishes that dadiah and its metabolites can be utilized as adjunctive therapy in managing diabetes mellitus to slow the progression of diabetic nephropathy.